Sex

"Either of the two main categories (male and female) into which humans and most other living things are divided on the basis of their reproductive functions"(OED)

"The state ofbeing male or female"(MW)

Gender

"The state of being male or female ()typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones" (OED)

"The behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex"(MW)

Sex is biological

-the presence or absence of specific reproductive, physical traits

Sex is not a binary feature for human beings

Sex is not equal to gender

-dependent on expression

North American Gender Stereotypes

-Masculinity: strength, toughness, stoicism, rationality

-aggressive

-Femininity: softness, emotionality, sensitivity, quiet

-passive

Margaret Mead: Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (1935)

Early anthropology

-three completely different and distinct social groups

-no contact

Arapesh society

-Men and women displayed similar attitudes and actions

Mundugumor society

-Male and females were similar

-women were violent, aggressive

Tchambuli society

-opposite of what we expect in modern societies

There is no necessary connection between biological sex and gendered behavior or norms

-Things are culturally constructed

Baby Boy: Blue and Baby Girl: Pink

Gender Roles

-Gender Roles are the expected, gendered, behaviors for male and female individuals

-Women as child-bearers, nurturers, homemakers

-Men as workers, fighters, protectors

Identity

-"Gender Identity" refers to the ways we identify with, or reject, traditional masculine of feminine traits within ourselves

Gender is a Spectrum, Gender is Performed

-powerful social constructs

Gender Inequality

-Women have rights to vote only about 100 years

-$0.74 for women with $1 for men on full-time jobs

Gendered Violence

-1 in 3 and 1 in 5 Canadian women will be sexually assaulted during their lifetime